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William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne KG KB PC (6 December 1592 – 25 December 1676) was an English polymath and aristocrat, having been a poet, equestrian, playwright, swordsman, politician, architect, diplomat and soldier. Born into the very wealthy Cavendish family at Handsworth in the West Riding of Yorkshire, William's family had a good relationship with the ruling Stuart monarchy and began to gather prominence after he was invested as a Knight of the Bath and soon inherited his father's Northern England estates. At first a courtier of James I of England, he would later strike up friendships with Charles I of England and his wife Henrietta Maria for whom he hosted lavish banquets. He was created Marquess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne and entrusted with the education of the royal couple's son, the future Charles II of England. Cavendish was a staunch royalist helping to fund the king in his Bishops' Wars and then during the English Civil War he was made a general for the fight in the North of England against the roundheads. In 1645 he married the English poet, dramatist, philosopher, and natural scientist Margaret Cavendish (née Margaret Lucas). After the defeat at Marston Moor, Cavendish went into self-imposed exile, only returning with the English Restoration where he was created a duke. ==Family== A descendant of the famous Cavendish family, William Cavendish was born at Handsworth Manor in the West Riding of Yorkshire to Sir Charles Cavendish and Catherine Ogle.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=British-Civil-Wars.co.uk )〕 On the paternal side of his family, the grandparents of William were Bess of Hardwick and courtier William Cavendish.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=WilliamCavendish.co.uk )〕 Shortly after the birth of William, his brother Charles was born (it is not known exactly when). The brothers would maintain a close relationship throughout their lives.〔 The family lived at Welbeck Abbey. He was the eldest surviving son of Sir Charles Cavendish and his wife Catherine (daughter of the 7th Baron Ogle), and the grandson of Sir William Cavendish and Bess of Hardwick. (The name was generally pronounced "Candish".) He was educated at St John's College, Cambridge. On the occasion of the creation of Prince Henry as Prince of Wales in 1610, Cavendish was made a Knight of the Bath, subsequently travelled with Sir Henry Wotton, then ambassador to the Duke of Savoy, and on his return married his first wife, Elizabeth Basset (before 1602 – 17 April 1643), daughter of William Basset of Blore, Staffordshire by his wife Judith Austen, and widow of Henry Howard, third son of the 1st Earl of Suffolk. He possessed an immense fortune, and several times he entertained King James I and King Charles I with great magnificence at Welbeck and Bolsover. The Duke died at Welbeck Abbey on Christmas Day 1676, and was buried in Westminster Abbey. By his first wife he had ten children, of whom one son, Henry, survived him and became 2nd Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, dying in 1691 without surviving male issue; the title then became extinct and the estates passed to his third daughter Margaret, wife of John Holles, Earl of Clare, created Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne in 1694. The 1st Duke's daughters included Lady Elizabeth Cavendish (c. 1627 – 14 June 1663), who married the John Egerton, 2nd Earl of Bridgewater and had issue, and Lady Frances Cavendish (before 1641 – 15 August 1678), who married the 2nd Earl of Bolingbroke. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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